ISTE+2014+Online+Research

=Online Research for Students=

1. Practice and discuss ways to help students search more thoughtfully and effectively. 2. Discuss appropriate rules and strategies..
 * Clear Targets**

=Finding Information=

District Research Resources
Ebscohost- subscription based research service


 * Search Engines**
 * 1) Google – www.google.com
 * 2) AltaVista - www.altavista.com- Was around before Google
 * 3) Ask.Com - www.ask.com
 * 4) DogPile - www.dogpile.com- Searches other search engines and brings their results back to one place
 * 5) Clusty - http://yippy.com/ - Puts results into clusters by relevance
 * 6) Webcrawler - http://webcrawler.com - Metacrawler - searches other popular search engines for the top commercial and non-commercial entries. Less junk.
 * 7) BING - http://www.bing.com - Good for images and lesson plans.
 * 8) Infotopia - http://www.infotopia.info - Indexes only websites recommended by librarians, teachers, and educational and library consortia.
 * 9) Wolframalpha - wolframalpha.com
 * 10) Goofram - @http://www.goofram.com/ - Search Google and Wolframalpha and the same time.
 * 11) SlashNGrab -@http://www.slashngrab.co.uk/ this allows you to search the most popular sites on the web easily from one place. Simply type the name of the site you want to search, followed by a slash and the term that you're searching for.
 * 12) KidRex- @http://www.kidrex.org/ - Owned by Google - Safer search for elementary kids.
 * 13) Boolify - @http://www.boolify.org/- Simple search site that helps elementary students visualize results of search terms.
 * 14) SweetSearch - @http://www.sweetsearch.com/ - Nice search engine, with divisions for educators, librarians, etc...
 * 15) Sweetsearch4me - [|www.4me.sweetsearch.com] - For younger learners.
 * 16) SweetsearchBiographies - []- Searches biographies.
 * 17) SweetsearchSocialStudies - [] - Search Social Studies topics
 * 18) FindingDulcinea - http://www.findingdulcinea.com - "Librarian of the Internet"
 * 19) DuckDuckGo - [] - New, popular, breaks the personalized "filter bubble" and gives every user the same result.
 * 20) Twurdy - http://www.twurdy.com - Readability Searches
 * 21) Wikipedia - @http://www.wikipedia.org/


 * Searching Process**
 * 1) Basics –
 * 2) Every word matters – looks for all words in a document – disconnected
 * 3) Searches are case Insensitive – new york times is the same as New York Times
 * 4) Punctuation is ignored (with some minor exceptions)
 * 5) Keywords – Search logic is the thoughtful combination of search terms - much like a boxer's combination of punches - that allows the researcher to eliminate irrelevant information and focus on the most promising sources. (Jamie McKenzie)
 * 6) Keep it simple (Ex. [skunk smell], is better than [how to get the skunk smell off dogs]
 * 7) Use descriptive words – (Ex. [Celebrity ringtones] is better than [Celebrity sounds]
 * 8) Google Advanced Search - Type a word or phrase then hit enter. Next, click on the "gear" and choose Advanced Search...EX. Domain - US or RU, nasa.gov
 * 9) Find pages with...
 * 10) Then narrow your results with...
 * 11) Boolean terms (AND, OR)
 * 12) Using hypen to exclude (Ex. [peanut -allergy]
 * 13) Using Quotations (Ex. ["royal baby"] (Ex. "alexander graham bell" will find all three names in that order not just Alexander Bell)
 * 14) Using Site: (Ex. [flood:tennesean.com] [flood:.gov]
 * 15) Using + or double quotes for exact (Ex. [+Catsup] [anti-virus +disease]
 * 16) Using * as a wildcard ( Ex. [obama said * about * disaster]
 * 17) Using OR (must be in all caps) (Ex. [Titan’s 2008 OR 2009] written the other way will cause it to find only those with both
 * 18) Using AROUND - Ex. "peanut" AROUND(10) "allergy"
 * 19) From a Google and Bing Searches - Look at More and Show Search Tools

Ten Steps to Better Web Research by SweetSearch - @http://www.sweetsearch.com/TenSteps Google Lesson Plans for Educational Searching and Evaluation of Sources =//Evaluating or Validating Information and Sites//=
 * Help Your Students Be Successful Searchers**
 * Write guiding questions.
 * Determine expectations for a technology station that goes with classroom content.
 * Ultimately, help your students to build their own skills toward making great questions.
 * //Creating classroom technology stations that go hand-in-hand with content being taught in content areas is an enriching and easy way for students to improve achievement and gain mastery!!!//**
 * Validating Sources or Choosing Most Valid Choice Options**
 * **It is important to validate sources**…research has changed…now only a small percent of information students find is physically in the library. Most information is from the internet, so they often have literally billions of choices for each search.
 * **Rules of Thumb** - See November Learning __@http://novemberlearning.com/resources/information-literacy-resources/iii-websites-to-validate/__ The sites listed discuss the “rules of thumb” to use or suggest to guide students when researching. {Water } {Zoo}
 * **Look at the extensions in an web address** - Check the meanings of common extensions __@http://novemberlearning.com/resources/information-literacy-resources/iv-how-to-read-a-web-address/__
 * **Look at country codes** __@http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/web_country_codes.html__ You can get information that will provide relevance and point of view for information shared.
 * Example - Use "pope israel" vs. "pope site:cnn.com" vs. "pope site:il" - The information is different from each search, some more drastically than others depending on global point of view.
 * Example - Try "American Revolutionary War" vs. "American Revolutionary War site:co.uk" - The British point of view of the American Revolutionary War is different than the United States version.
 * ===Look at Newspaper Links from other states -[]===
 * **Look at URL’s to get a “feel” for a site**.
 * **Some extensions may provide more reliable information than others, but there are no guarantees**.
 * Ones that may be more reliable are .edu, .gov, .k12.
 * Ones to watch out for are .com, .org, .net. These domains can be purchased by anybody. This is not to say that sites with these extensions can never be trusted, but it is good to know whether you are on a commercial or special interest-type site if you are trying to access academic-type information.
 * Example - (Alan November) (Ex. [Bush daughters] – compare __www.firsttwins.com__ and wikipedia entries…) then try [bush daughters site:.gov] and [bush daughters –jpg]
 * **Validate Ownership when in doubt** –
 * "WhoIs" search to find the owner of websites can be found by going to www.whois.com . Click on the link below the text box labeled "WHOIS Lookup". Type the website address on which you need information. Type the Security Key into the box and click SEARCH.
 * **It is often hard to determine if a site is a “personal” site, linked to an individual.**Creative website naming can mask this. It is a good rule of thumb to note that even in trusted webaddresses…use of tildes or percent symbols (~ / %) within and address is an indicator.
 * Example- []
 * **Beyond validating source information, evaluating the usefulness of a site is of paramount importance to researchers of all ages**! A valid site that is NOT useful, is so complex that needed information is "hidden", or that uses vocabulary far beyond the readers comfort level hinders the identification and collection of needed information. Students must be trained to "Skim" a site so that eliminations can occur in seconds, not minutes!
 * **Look at the First Page of a Site -**
 * Is it age appropriate?
 * Does the layout place important information within immediate view?
 * Are the links organized and easy to follow?
 * Are you likely to find needed information here? Quickly?
 * **Students must "Skim" for information.**
 * Websites are not novels, meant to be read cover to cover. They are organized in small chunks so that readers can eat only the chunks that are relevant, and digest only the ones that most fit the topic.
 * Students must be trained and then practice focusing on the needed portions of a website, while ignoring or skimming past unnecessary information.
 * Without training and guidance, students can spend all of their time "looking" and none of their time "finding".
 * Students must be trained and then practice focusing on the needed portions of a website, while ignoring or skimming past unnecessary information.
 * Without training and guidance, students can spend all of their time "looking" and none of their time "finding".

//Finding, Recognizing, and Appreciating Varied Points of View//
Part of Digital Citizenship and, indeed, Global Citizenship, is recognizing that the opinions or points of view held by oneself, or by those most closely associated with us, is not necessarily the only opinion or point of view. Technology makes it possible for students to be exposed to the opinions and points of view of people outside of their geographic, political, educational, and special interest realm. //Appreciating varied points of view is a big part of// Global Citizenship - See below. = =
 * Example - [obama troop increase] vs. [obama troop increase site:.af]
 * Example - [governor ousted] vs. [governor ousted site:chicagotribune.com]
 * It is important to help students recognize that opinions are often more heated and intense for those most closely related to controversial events

=//Citing Sources and Fair Use//= The idea of research is to study what others have published and form your own opinions. When you quote people, or even when you summarize or paraphrase information found in books, articles, or Web pages, you must acknowledge the original author. If you use someone else's words or ideas without crediting them, you are committing a type of theft called plagiarism. Plagiarism can be as obvious as turning in another person's paper or project as your own or as subtle as paraphrasing sections of various works. It is also incorrect to copy text from Web pages or other sources without identifying where they came from. Citing sources makes it possible to avoid plagiarism. Rules of Thumb -Take clear, accurate notes about where you found specific ideas. Write down the complete citation information for each item you use. Use quotation marks when directly stating another person's words. Always credit original authors for their information and ideas.

The following is a limited list of Citation Making Sites for students of varied age groups: Particularly at the early elementary level, it is not always necessary to do a formal citation. Early elementary students should always list the website where the information or image was located to acknowledge that there is no intent to infringe on copyright laws.
 * 1) @http://citationmachine.net/ - Citation Machine for K-12
 * 2) @http://owl.english.purdue.edu/ - Purdue University citation maker
 * 3) **[]**- Citation Machine for each source

Copyright Information For Teachers
 * What is copyright?** Copyright is a form of protection given to the authors or creators of "original works of authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic and other intellectual works.
 * [|Details]
 * [[file:empowerstudents/copyright_chart.pdf|Download]]
 * 61 KB
 * What is copyright infringement? ** Anyone who exploits any of the exclusive rights of copyright without the copyright owner's permission commits copyright infringement. Legal action can be taken, especially if the person using the items makes money from the use or if the author loses money because of the use.
 * What is Fair Use?** The exclusive rights of the copyright owner are not unlimited. The copyright law establishes some limitations on these rights. One of the most important limitations on the exclusive rights is the doctrine of "Fair Use." The "Fair Use" doctrine allows limited copying of copyrighted works for educational and research purposes. The copyright law provides that reproduction "for purposes such as criticism, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research" is not an infringement of copyright.
 * // The above information was taken from Copyright for Kids. @http://www.copyrightkids.org///

Test Yourself On Copyright
Cyberbee has an interesting interactive quiz about copyright designed for elementary students. Teachers of the elementary grades may be interested in using this with their students. @http://www.cyberbee.com/cb_copyright.swf The following site sponsored by the NC Public Schools gives a more comprehensive listing of the fair use and copyright laws as they pertain to older students, with an entire section devoted to ELECTRONIC MEDIA. @http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/copyright1.html

= = =//Creative Commons//= There are also images, clipart, and sound clips available on the CMCSS www2.cmcss.net server. Follow the path below. Sign on to the Server/Sharing/Technology/Graphics/
 * Copyright Rule of Thumb Chart from Technology and Learning (with cited source: United States Copyright Office)-** **[]**
 * //Get Permission//-** It is possible to obtain permission to use music, photos, documents, etc... @http://www.copyrightkids.org/whatcopyframes.htm and select "Get Permission" from the drop down menu.
 * What is creative commons?** Creative Commons is a non-profit organization that offers more flexible licenses compared to traditional copyright protection and the term "Creative Commons" has become a title associated with images and other items that are free and able to be used without copyright concerns. The following is a limited list of resources that supply graphics that are "public domain" (free, with no permission required to use them) or free with the expectations of fair use.
 * Pics4Learning - []
 * Teacher Files - []
 * Creative Commons (Pics, music, videos, etc...) - []
 * Smithsonian Photography Initiative - []
 * Discovery School Clipart Gallery - []
 * Coolclips - []
 * NASA images - []
 * CMCSS Wikipage - Picture and Video Sources

=//Basic Online Safety//= Online Safety is a serious and complex issue. Beginning with the 2009-2010 school year, there will be federal mandates that guide how we train our teachers, parents, and students. Formal instruction on Online Safety will be given at a later date. However, it is prudent to discuss basic online safety with teachers in this course. They have an opportunity to embed simple safety procedures and policies into their daily technology lessons that could powerfully impact student safety, both in school and outside of the school.

**Some Safety Tips for All Ages (For the Classroom)**
1. No "Random" Internet Searching 2. Students should NEVER click on Ads, PopUps,"Contests," or Chat Rooms 3. Should a message or request to join a chat appear, students should immediately inform the teacher WITHOUT RESPONDING. 4. If the student accidently views text or images that he/she knows is inappropriate, they should IMMEDIATELY close the browser, then tell the teacher. This minimizes exposure to the negative item and alerts the teacher, so that the teacher can provide search assistance. 5. Students should never give personal information online (identifying screennames, addresses, city, state, pet name, etc...) 6. Be sure that students recognize that any information they put online will always be online, even if they remove the page. That means, you can't "take it back."*Note - Anything you put online is PR, negative PR can keep you out of a college or a job! 7. Students must be aware of the existence of Cyberbullying and they need to know that there are consequences for comments, threats, or slanderous statements. 8. Sexting - Explain to teachers what this is and how the consequences can be harsh and permanent. Both sending and just possessing inappropriate images is criminal. 9. Plagiarism - The students need to know that it is now easy for schools, universities, etc... to identify plagiarized material. Consequences for this can be severe. With the emphasis on rigor and relevance, teachers need to promote thought provoking projects that do not lend themselves copy and paste answers. 10. Pirating Music - This is the most common offense for young people. Illegally downloading music is a crime. Sharing illegally downloaded music is an even more serious crime. Young people are being prosecuted throughout the US for this crime. 11. Teachers MUST make sure they establish classroom norms and that they TEACH, MODEL, and REINFORCE acceptable use of all technology and the internet!
 * Teachers should...**
 * __not over-react__ when a student says they have seen something. Making a big deal about it just escalates the negativity.
 * __never ask a child to "describe" what they saw__. The goal is to avoid seeing it again, NOT to articulate the experience and share it aloud within earshot of other students!
 * __not "villainize" a student who stumbles across something negative__. We all stumble. Students should feel safe telling a teacher.
 * __calmly, swiftly, and consistently follow the school discipline policy__, **if students purposefully find or share negative items,**
 * __be able to view History__ to find the site at another time.